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Wireless LANs fundamentals
Wireless LAN Topologies Wireless communication takes place over free space through the use of RF signals. The transmitter can contact the receiver at any and all times, as long as both devices are turned to the same frequency (or channel) and use the same sch...
Analyzing Cisco Wireless Architectures
The architectures: Autonomous AP architecture Cloud-based AP architecture Split-MAC architectures Autonomous AP architecture Autonomous APs offer one or more fully functional, standalone BSSs. They are also a natural extension of a switched networ...
Securing Wireless Networks
Authentication To use a wireless network, clients must first discover a basic service set (BSS) and then request permission to associate with it. Clients should be authenticated by some means before they can become functioning members of the wireless LAN. Gue...
Building a Wireless LAN (teoría sobre WLCs + LAPs; split-MAC)
Introduction The AP maps each VLAN to a WLAN and BSS. The autonomous AP has a single wired Ethernet interface, which means that multiple VLANs must be brought to it over a trunk link. A LAP also has a single wired Ethernet interface; however, it must be p...
IPv4 Subnetting
Analyze Subnetting and Addressing Needs Which hosts should be grouped together into a subnet? Addresses in the same subnet are not separated by a router. Addresses in different subnets are separated by at least one router. Note that the point-to-po...
IPv4 addressing
IPv4 address structure An IPv4 address is a 32-bit hierarchical address that is made up of a network portion and a host portion. When determining the network portion vs. the host portion, you must look at the 32-bit stream. The bits within the network po...
Anexo - Backups
Se sigue la guía: https://www.bookstackapp.com/docs/admin/backup-restore/ Para hacer un backup de la BBDD de contenidos (estanterías, libros, paginas): sudo su mysqldump -u root -p bookstack > bookstack.backup.sql A continuación quedaría hacer una copia ...
Redmi A1 (ice): unlock bootloader (Windows)
This process will erase user data so please make a backup before continuing with the procedures below. Mi Unlock tool does not work with Redmi A1 because there is no way to bind Mi account (there is just no option on the menu to add Mi account). If you try to...
Redmi A1 (ice): root the phone with Magisk
This tutorial should be followed after unlocking bootloader. According to Magisk installation instructions here, the bootloader must be unlocked. Introduction For this tutorial I am assuming the OS used is MIUI latest version after having unlocked the bootlo...
Redmi A1 (ice): factory reset + update to latest MIUI via fastboot (clean install) + lock bootloader
Factory reset I will do the factory reset from official recovery. To do this I have to enter first the recovery mode. From MIUI and with USB debugging enabled and phone connected to PC, I enter this command on PC: abd reboot fastboot The phone reboots to f...
Redmi A1 (ice): compile boedhack99's TWRP recovery (Windows)
This recovery is not really functional, but the method provided here to build/compile a TWRP recovery can be exported to other devices. Setting up the environment First step: create this folder C:\temp\twrp. We will use it later. We need a virtual machine (VM...
Introduction to TCP/IP Transport and Applications
The key difference between TCP and UDP is that TCP provides a wide variety of services to applications, whereas UDP does not. Routers discard packets for many reasons, including bit errors, congestion, and instances in which no correct routes are known. Most ...
Key notes on Network Fundamentals
Same-layer interaction: The two computers use a protocol to communicate with the same layer on another computer. The protocol defines a header that communicates what each computer wants to do. Adjacent-layer interaction on the same computer: On a single com...
CCNA 1 v7
Some theory on Ethernet straight-through and crossover cabling for 10BASE-T, 100BASE-TX and 1000BASE-T
A general introduction on Ethernet straight-through and crossover cables In an Ethernet straight-through cable, pins on one end correspond exactly to the corresponding pins on the other end (pin 1 to pin 1, pin 2 to pin 2, etc.). Using the same wiring schem...
Auto MDI-X a prueba: cables straight-through, crossover, hubs, switch y PCs
En este artículo pongo a prueba la teoría sobre los cables de Ethernet straight-through y crossover, como se muestra en el artículo sobre este tema.Para esta práctica usaré lo siguiente: Cable Cat6a usando solo los pares 2 y 3 con un pinout T568A en ambos e...
Autonegotiation and duplex mismatch theory
Introduction to autonegotiation For any 10/100 or 10/100/1000 interfaces (that is, interfaces that can run at different speeds), Cisco Catalyst switches default to a setting of duplex auto and speed auto. As a result, those interfaces attempt to automatically...
Instalación de Windows 98
En primer lugar, tener en cuenta que hay que desconectar fisicamente el segundo disco duro. Si el PC tiene dos discos duros, el primero tendrá la letra C y el segundo la D.Al insertar el disquete de inicio (unidad A:) y seleccionar la instalación con CD-ROM,...
Paso 1: Backup de BBDD y otros archivos de configuración
El primer paso para la migración de Bookstack instalado en una Raspberry Pi con Ubuntu 22.04 a otra con Raspberry Pi OS Lite (32-bit) basado en Debian 12 bookworm, es hacer backup en la actual de lo siguiente: BBDD Usar el siguiente comando: sudo mysqldump ...
Paso 2: Instalación de Raspbian y paso de los archivos de backup
Por el modelo de Raspberry (3 B+), se instala Raspberry Pi OS Lite (32-bit): A fecha 26/12/2023, esta es la versión más reciente Instalar con Raspberry Pi Imager, editando las opciones antes de instalar. Ojo, escribir siempre la password antes de instalar: ...